amora
(Hebrew and Aramaic: “interpreter,” or “reciter”), plural Amoraim, in ancient times, a Jewish scholar attached to one of several academies in Palestine (Tiberias, Sepphoris, Caesarea) or in Babylonia (Nehardea, Sura, Pumbedita). The amoraim collaborated in writing the Gemara, collected interpretations of and commentaries on the Mishna (the authoritative code of Jewish oral laws) and on its critical marginal notes, called Tosefta (Addition). The amoraim were thus the successors of earlier Jewish scholars (tannaim), who produced the Mishna and were themselves the creators of the Talmud (the Mishna accompanied by the Gemara). Writing in various Aramaic dialects interspersed with Hebrew, the two groups of amoraim began work aboutAD200 on the Gemara section of the Talmud. Because the Babylonian amoraim worked about a century longer than their counterparts in Palestine, completing their work aboutAD500, theTalmud Bavli(“Babylonian Talmud”) was more comprehensive and, consequently, more authoritative than theTalmud Yerushalmi(“Palestinian Talmud”), which lacks the Babylonian interpretations. In Palestine an ordained amora was called a rabbi; in Babylonia, arav,ormar.See alsoTalmud.
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